Education
Understanding Concussions How Your Brain Recovers
A clear, evidence-informed overview of what happens during recovery from a concussion, common symptoms, and the biological processes involved. Designed for athletes, parents, clinicians, and anyone seeking to make sense of the science.
3 Key Things to Know About Concussions
Most concussions involve temporary functional changes, not structural damage.
Symptoms vary widely and typically improve over days to weeks.
Rest, gradual activity, and symptom monitoring are core elements of recovery.
What Is a Concussion?
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that temporarily alters how the brain functions. It may result from a direct blow to the head, force transmitted to the head, or rapid acceleration–deceleration.
During recovery from a concussion, brain cells experience temporary changes in energy production, blood flow, neurotransmitter signaling, and ion balance — leading to symptoms like slowed thinking, headaches, dizziness, and sensitivity to light or noise.
Most symptoms improve within days to weeks, though recovery varies depending on severity, prior history, age, and individual neurobiology.
Common Symptoms After a Concussion
Headache or head pressure
Light/noise sensitivity
Slowed thinking (“brain fog”)
Memory or concentration changes
Dizziness or balance issues
Fatigue
Irritability, anxiety, mood changes
Sleep disturbances
Vision disturbances
What Happens to the Brain During Recovery
01
Energy Disruption & Mitochondria
Energy demand increases while mitochondrial efficiency temporarily declines, contributing to fatigue and slower processing.
Inflammation Response
The immune system activates. Prolonged or excessive inflammation may influence clarity and mood.
02
03
Oxidative Stress
Free radicals may rise faster than antioxidant defenses, temporarily impacting cellular health and neural wellness.
Neurotransmitter Changes
Shifts in neurotransmitter release influence focus, sleep, mood, and cognitive speed.
04
05
Synaptic & Neuroplasticity Changes
Communication between neurons may be affected, influencing memory, learning, and cognitive flexibility.
Key Brain Changes During Recovery
Energy
Inflammation
Oxidative Balance
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic Function
What a Typical Concussion Recovery Timeline
Looks Like
Day 0–2: Acute Phase
- Symptoms peak
- Low stimulation
- Rest, hydration, sleep
Days 3–7: Early Recovery
- Symptoms improving
- Light walking
- Limited mental work
- Start tracking
Week 1–2: Subacute Phase
- Steady progress
- Slow activity increase
- Better sleep
Week 2–4: Advanced
- Daily routine back
- Focus improving
- Small symptom spikes
Week 4+: Evaluation
- Further care if needed
- Doctor clearance
Full Return
- Normal routine
- Fully recovered
The Three Stages of Concussion Recovery
Acute Phase (24–72 hrs)
Focus: Rest & symptom reduction
- Limit screen time
- Avoid strenuous activity
- Prioritize sleep
Subacute Phase (Days 3–14)
Focus: Gradual activity
- Light aerobic exercise
- Gradual return to school/work
- Track symptoms → link to tracker
Return-to-Play / Return-to-Learn (Weeks 2–4+)
Focus: Full reintegration
- Stepwise progression
- Monitor for symptom return
How the Brain Supports Recovery After a Concussion
During recovery, the brain engages multiple biological processes: restoring energy balance, normalizing neurotransmitter activity, modulating inflammation, supporting synaptic connections, and recalibrating metabolism. Most people improve steadily with pacing, structured rest, and symptom monitoring.
What to Avoid During Early Recovery
Don’t return to sports immediately
Don’t push through symptoms
Don’t consume alcohol
Don’t overload with screens
Don’t skip sleep
Don’t perform intense workouts
Don’t self-clear for activity
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek care if any of the following occur.
- Worsening headache
- Repeated vomiting
- Slurred speech
- Weakness or numbness
- Seizure or fainting
- Major behavioral changes
- Prolonged confusion
- Symptoms worsening instead of improving
Always seek emergency medical care for severe, sudden, or worsening symptoms.
Evidence-Informed Strategies for Supporting Brain Recovery
Gradual return
to activity
Prioritize
sleep
Stay
hydrated
Balanced
nutrition
Limit early
screen time
Reduce
overstimulation
Light
movement
Track
symptoms
Stress
reduction
Track Your Symptoms and Cognitive Trends
The ConcussionCare+ Recovery App helps you observe memory, reaction time, and symptom patterns using clinical-style tools — free, no account necessary.
Try the ConcussionCare+ Recovery AppWant to Learn About Nutritional Support for Brain Wellness?
Certain nutrients help support cellular energy, antioxidant defenses, inflammation balance, and healthy synaptic function — all important aspects of the brain’s natural recovery process.
How ConcussionCare+ Works
