Myths and Misconceptions About Concussions

Concussions are among the most misunderstood injuries, with a variety of myths and misconceptions about brain injuries clouding public perception. These common concussion myths often lead to improper care, delayed recovery, and long-term consequences for those affected. These misunderstandings can lead to improper care, delayed recovery, and long-term consequences for those affected. This article debunks some of the most common myths about concussions and provides accurate, evidence-based information to promote better understanding and care.

Myth 1: You Must Lose Consciousness to Have a Concussion

Fact: Most concussions do not involve a loss of consciousness. In fact, only about 10% of concussions result in unconsciousness. A concussion is defined as a traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include headaches, dizziness, confusion, or memory problems—all common concussion symptoms—even without losing consciousness.

Myth 2: You Need to Be Hit in the Head to Get a Concussion

Fact: Concussions can occur without a direct blow to the head. Sudden acceleration or deceleration of the body—such as during a car accident or a hard fall—can cause the brain to move and twist within the skull, a mechanism commonly referred to as "whiplash-induced brain injury." This type of trauma is known as a "whiplash concussion."

Myth 3: Concussions Are Always Immediately Detectable

Fact: Symptoms of a concussion can be delayed, sometimes appearing hours or even days after the injury. While some signs, like dizziness or confusion, may occur immediately, others—such as fatigue, irritability, or difficulty concentrating—can take time to develop. This is why it’s crucial to monitor individuals after a suspected injury and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist.

Myth 4: You Can Shake Off a Concussion and Keep Playing

Fact: Continuing physical activity after a concussion can significantly worsen the injury and delay recovery, increasing the risk of second-impact syndrome and other complications. In severe cases, it can lead to second-impact syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal condition that occurs when a second head injury happens before the first has healed. Immediate rest and removal from play are essential to ensure proper recovery.

Myth 5: Concussions Have No Long-Term Effects

Fact: While many people recover fully from a concussion within a few weeks, others experience long-term effects, particularly if the injury is not managed properly. These effects can include chronic headaches, memory problems, mood disorders, and even an increased risk of neurodegenerative conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) after repeated injuries.

Myth 6: Children and Teens Recover Faster Than Adults

Fact: The developing brain is more vulnerable to injury, making children and teens more susceptible to prolonged recovery periods. Young individuals may also be at higher risk for second-impact syndrome if they resume activities too soon. It’s critical to follow medical guidance and allow adequate time for healing.

Myth 7: Helmets Prevent Concussions

Fact: Helmets are designed to reduce the risk of skull fractures and severe head injuries, but they cannot fully prevent concussions due to the brain's movement within the skull during impact. Concussions occur when the brain moves within the skull, which helmets cannot fully prevent. However, wearing a helmet is still essential for minimizing the overall risk of head trauma.

Myth 8: If Imaging Scans Are Normal, There’s No Concussion

Fact: Concussions are functional injuries, not structural ones, meaning they typically do not show up on CT scans or MRIs. A normal imaging result does not rule out a concussion. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, history of the injury, and clinical evaluation.

Myth 9: Resting in a Dark Room for Weeks Is the Best Treatment

Fact: While rest is an important part of concussion recovery, prolonged inactivity can actually hinder healing. Current guidelines recommend a gradual return to light physical and cognitive activity as tolerated, under medical supervision. This approach helps restore normal brain function without exacerbating symptoms.

Myth 10: Once Symptoms Are Gone, the Brain Is Fully Healed

Fact: Symptom resolution does not always mean that the brain has fully healed. Healing occurs on a cellular level and can take longer than symptoms indicate. This is why gradual return-to-activity protocols are essential to prevent re-injury.

Promoting Awareness and Proper Care

Understanding the facts about concussions is the first step toward improving care and outcomes. By debunking these common myths, we can help individuals recognize the seriousness of concussions and seek appropriate treatment. Whether you’re an athlete, a parent, or a healthcare professional, staying informed can make a significant difference in recovery and long-term brain health.